Izinto zokwakha ikhonkrithi, kuba iipropathi zayo ezizodwa zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni into yokwakha. Kufuneka igalelwe kwisikhunta esenziwe ngokukodwa, esibizwa ngokuba yi-formwork okanye i-shuttering.
Ifomwork ibambe ikhonkrithi egalelwe imilo ide iqine kwaye ifezekise amandla aneleyo okuzixhasa kunye nobunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo. Iifomwork zingahlelwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Ngezinto zokusebenza
- Yindawo esetyenzisiweyo
Umsebenzi wefomu unendima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi. Kuya kufuneka ibe namandla awoneleyo ukuthwala yonke imithwalo ekhoyo ngexesha lokuphosa, kwaye kufuneka ibambe ukuma kwayo ngelixa ikhonkrithi iqina.
Zeziphi iimfuneko zeFomwork elungileyo?
Nangona zininzi izinto zokwenziwa kwezinto, oku kulandelayo ziimpawu zokusebenza ngokubanzi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi:
- Iyakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo yesisindo.
- Gcina ubume bayo ngenkxaso eyaneleyo.
- Ubungqina obuphathekayo bokuvuza.
- Ikhonkrithi ayonakalanga xa ususa iifom.
- Izinto ezinokusetyenziswa zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe emva kwexesha lokuphila.
- ayisindi
- Izinto zokwenziwa akufuneki ukuba zijijeke okanye zigqwethe.
Iindidi zefomwork ngezinto eziphathekayo:
Ifomathi yamaplanga
I-formwork yamaplanga yenye yeendlela zokuqala ezazisetyenziswa. Idityaniswe kwindawo kwaye lolona hlobo lubhetyebhetye, olwenziwe ngokulula. Izinto eziluncedo zayo:
- Kulula ukuvelisa nokususa
- Ikhaphukhaphu, ngakumbi xa ithelekiswa ne-metallic formwork
- Iyasebenza, ivumela nayiphi na imilo, ubungakanani kunye nokuphakama kwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi
- Uqoqosho kwiiprojekthi ezincinci
- Ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwemithi yasekuhlaleni
Nangona kunjalo, ikwanazo neentsilelo:Inobomi obufutshane kwaye ichitha ixesha kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Ngokubanzi, ifomwork yamaplanga iyacetyiswa xa iindleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi, okanye xa amacandelo ekhonkrithi antsonkothileyo efuna ukuba bhetyebhetye, ulwakhiwo aluphindiwe kakhulu.
Iplanga formwork
Iplywood ihlala isetyenziswa ngamaplanga. Yinto eyenziwe ngomthi, efumaneka ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Kwizicelo zefomwork, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza i-sheathing, ukuhombisa kunye nokwenza i-linings.
Ifomathi yamaplanga ineepropathi ezifanayo njengefomwork yemithi, kubandakanya ukomelela, ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokulula.
Ubume bentsimbi: Isinyithi kunye neAluminiyam
I-formwork yentsimbi iya isiba yinto ethandwayo ngakumbi ngenxa yobomi bayo obude beenkonzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona okuninzi. Nangona ibiza kakhulu, ifomwork yentsimbi iluncedo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, kwaye lukhetho olunokubakho xa kulindeleke amathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Oku kulandelayo zezinye zeempawu eziphambili zentsimbi formwork:
- Yomelele kwaye yomelele, inobomi obude
- Yenza ukugqiba okuthe tye kwiindawo ezikhonkrithi
- Into evikela amanzi
- Iyanciphisa ukusebenza kobusi kwikhonkrithi
- Ifakwe ngokulula kwaye ichithwe
- Ilungele izakhiwo ezigobileyo
I-aluminium formwork ifana kakhulu nefomwork yentsimbi. Umahluko ophambili kukuba i-aluminium inexinano elisezantsi kunentsimbi, eyenza ukuba ukukhanya kube lula. IAluminiyam ikwanamandla angaphantsi kwesinyithi, kwaye oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
Ifomathi yePlastiki
Olu hlobo lwefomwork luhlanganisiwe ukusuka kwiipaneli zokungenelela okanye iinkqubo zeemodyuli, ezenziwe ngeplastiki elula kwaye yomelele. Umsebenzi weplastikhi usebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi ezincinci ezibandakanya imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, enje ngamakhaya endleko ephantsi.
Ifomathi yeplastiki ilula kwaye inokucocwa ngamanzi, ngelixa ilungele amacandelo amakhulu kunye nokuphinda isetyenziswe kaninzi. Owona mqobo uphambili kukuguquguquka okuncinci kunamaplanga, kuba izinto ezininzi zenziwe kwangaphambili.
Ukuhlelwa kweFomwork ngokusekwe kwiiNxalenye zoLwakhiwo
Ukongeza ekwahlulekeni ngezinto ezibonakalayo, iifomwork zinokwahlulwa ngokwezinto ezixhaswayo:
- Iifom zodonga
- Uluhlu lwekholamu
- Ifom yeSlab
- Ifom yefom
- Ifom yeSiseko
Zonke iintlobo zeefomu ziyilelwe ngokwendlela eziyixhasayo, kwaye izicwangciso zokwakha ezihambelanayo zichaza izinto kunye nobukhulu obufunekayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ulwakhiwo lwefomwork luthatha ixesha, kwaye lunokumela phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-25% yeendleko zolwakhiwo. Ukunciphisa iindleko zefomwork, jonga ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:
- Izicwangciso zokwakha kufuneka ziphinde zisebenzise izinto zokwakha kunye neejiyometri kangangoko ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwefom.
- Xa usebenza ngomthi weplanga, kufuneka usikwe ube ziingceba ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungaphinda uzisebenzise.
Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ziyahluka kuyilo kunye nenjongo. Njengakwizigqibo ezininzi zeprojekthi, akukho khetho olungcono kunezinye kuzo zonke izicelo; eyona fomu ifanelekileyo yeprojekthi yakho iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuyilo lolwakhiwo.
Ixesha Post: Sep-09-2020